心跳忽快忽慢就是不正常？如何从心电图识别心律失常？

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the normal variations in heart rate and the potential implications of irregular heartbeats, emphasizing the importance of electrocardiograms (ECGs) in diagnosing arrhythmias. Group 1: Heart Rate Variability - Heart rate typically ranges from 60 to 100 beats per minute, adjusting based on factors like exercise and emotions [1] - Variations in heart rate are normal and can be influenced by breathing patterns, known as "sinus arrhythmia," particularly common in younger individuals [1] Group 2: Understanding Arrhythmias - Arrhythmias refer to abnormal heart rhythms caused by issues with the heart's electrical signals, leading to irregular, too fast, or too slow heartbeats [3] - Common types of arrhythmias include sinus tachycardia, sinus bradycardia, atrial premature beats, ventricular premature beats, and atrial fibrillation, each with varying symptoms and risks [3] Group 3: Role of Electrocardiograms - ECGs are essential for recording the heart's electrical activity, providing a visual representation that helps in diagnosing arrhythmias [4] - A normal ECG consists of P waves, QRS complexes, and T waves, which have specific shapes and intervals [5] Group 4: ECG Patterns of Common Arrhythmias - Sinus tachycardia shows a heart rate exceeding 100 beats per minute with regular P waves [6] - Sinus bradycardia presents with a heart rate below 60 beats per minute, often seen in athletes [6] - Atrial premature beats are indicated by an early P' wave followed by a normal QRS complex [6] - Ventricular premature beats appear as wide, abnormal QRS complexes without preceding P waves [6] - Atrial fibrillation is characterized by the absence of P waves and irregular QRS complexes, posing a risk for thromboembolic events [7] Group 5: ECG Testing Considerations - To ensure accurate ECG results, patients should remain calm and avoid stimulants before the test [8] - For intermittent arrhythmias, a 24-hour Holter monitor may be recommended to capture heart activity over time [8] Group 6: Post-Diagnosis Actions - If arrhythmias are detected, a comprehensive evaluation by a physician is necessary to determine the type and cause [9] - Physiological arrhythmias may not require treatment, while pathological ones could necessitate medication or surgical interventions [9]