【债市观察】年初“股债跷跷板”凸显 10债能否在1.90%企稳？

Core Viewpoint - The bond market experienced significant adjustments under multiple negative pressures, while equity and commodity markets rose, with the Shanghai Composite Index surpassing 4100 points. Concerns regarding government bond issuance scale and duration were validated at the beginning of the year, and the central bank's bond purchase announcement fell short of expectations, exacerbating short-term selling pressure [1]. Market Review - From January 5 to January 9, 2026, the bond market saw fluctuations in yields across various maturities, with the 10-year government bond yield approaching 1.90% before stabilizing. The yield curve flattened overall, indicating a shift in market sentiment [2][3]. - On January 9, the yields for different maturities changed as follows: 1-year (-4.35 BP), 2-year (8.4 BP), 3-year (8.54 BP), 5-year (3.04 BP), 7-year (2.77 BP), 10-year (3.55 BP), 30-year (4.95 BP), and 50-year (5.5 BP) [2]. - The bond market faced supply concerns, with the 10-year government bond yield rising to 1.8615% on January 5 and reaching 1.8985% on January 7 before slightly declining [5]. Primary Market - A total of 58 bonds were issued last week, amounting to 763.234 billion yuan, including 6 government bonds (49.5 billion yuan), 26 policy bank bonds (150.57 billion yuan), and 26 local government bonds (117.664 billion yuan) [5]. - The upcoming week (January 12 to January 16, 2026) plans to issue 21 bonds totaling 270.201 billion yuan, including 2 government bonds (167 billion yuan) and 14 local government bonds (70.201 billion yuan) [5]. Economic Indicators - The consumer price index (CPI) for December 2025 rose by 0.2% month-on-month and 0.8% year-on-year, while the core CPI increased by 1.2% year-on-year. The producer price index (PPI) rose by 0.2% month-on-month but fell by 1.9% year-on-year [13]. - As of December 2025, China's foreign exchange reserves stood at 33,579 billion USD, an increase of 115 billion USD from the previous month, reflecting a 0.34% rise [14]. Institutional Perspectives - Financial institutions suggest that the probability of a unilateral rise in interest rates is low, with expectations for the bond market to stabilize after mid-January. Concerns remain regarding long-term bond supply and monetary easing [16]. - Analysts indicate that while there may be short-term adjustments in the market, the overall supply and funding variables remain unclear, necessitating cautious evaluation of downward interest rate potential [17].