石头缝里“挤油”——大庆油田陆相页岩油百万吨产能攻坚纪实

Core Viewpoint - The Daqing Oilfield has successfully developed the ancient Long shale oil area, achieving an annual production of over 1 million tons in less than five years, transforming a previously considered "no man's land" into a promising oil-producing region [1][5]. Group 1: Geological Challenges and Breakthroughs - China's shale oil resources are primarily of the continental type, which are more difficult to extract compared to North America's marine shale, with the ancient Long shale being particularly challenging due to its unique geological features [1][2]. - In June 2020, the first industrial oil flow was discovered in the ancient Long area, indicating the presence of exploitable oil reserves [2][3]. - The research team conducted extensive exploration, collecting over 640,000 data points from 39 core wells, leading to the discovery that the ancient Long shale contains oil even in nano-sized pores, a finding described as "revolutionary" [3][4]. Group 2: Theoretical Innovations - A key breakthrough in understanding the ancient Long shale's oil accumulation was achieved through the development of the "in-situ accumulation" theory, which clarified the geological conditions necessary for oil formation and storage [4]. - This theory has filled a significant gap in the exploration of continental high-clay mud shale in China, leading to a predicted resource scale of 1.268 billion tons [4]. Group 3: Measurement and Data Accuracy - Initial measurement challenges arose due to discrepancies in data collected from core samples, prompting a comprehensive effort to develop new measurement techniques that simulate the extreme underground conditions [7][8]. - The Daqing Oilfield successfully created a high-temperature and high-pressure rock porosity and permeability measurement device, which has become crucial for accurately assessing shale oil reserves [8]. Group 4: Extraction Techniques - The extraction of shale oil relies heavily on hydraulic fracturing, which creates artificial "tunnels" in the shale to facilitate oil flow [9]. - The ancient Long shale posed unique challenges during hydraulic fracturing, leading to high costs and initial production declines [10]. - After numerous trials, the team identified a key variable in the fracturing process, leading to the development of a new fracturing technique that significantly improved oil production efficiency [10][11]. Group 5: Future Prospects - The successful development of the Q9 oil layer has established an economically viable extraction model, contributing to the annual production exceeding 1 million tons [11]. - The research team is now focusing on other oil layers, indicating that the revolution in continental shale oil extraction is far from over, with more potential reserves awaiting exploration [11].