欧盟—南共市自贸协定向正式签署迈进

Core Viewpoint - The European Union (EU) and the Southern Common Market (Mercosur) have reached a significant milestone by voting to approve a free trade agreement, marking the end of long negotiations and paving the way for formal signing, which is expected to reshape transatlantic trade structures and impact global supply chains over the coming years [1][5]. Group 1: Agreement Details - The EU-Mercosur free trade agreement consists of two parts: the EU-Mercosur Partnership Agreement (EMPA) covering political, cooperation, and trade rules, and the Interim Trade Agreement (iTA) for early implementation of trade liberalization before the full agreement takes effect [2]. - The agreement aims to eliminate most tariffs on industrial goods and services in phases, facilitate investment, and reduce barriers to cross-border services, particularly in digital and financial services [2]. - EU companies will gain easier access to the South American market, while Mercosur member countries will benefit from more favorable export conditions to the EU [2]. Group 2: Reactions and Implications - Supporters view the agreement as a "historic breakthrough," while critics, particularly from France, express concerns over increased imports of cheap agricultural products harming local farmers [3]. - Environmental organizations criticize the agreement for potentially undermining climate efforts and promoting the import of high-pollution goods [3]. - In response to criticisms, the EU Commission announced a package of measures to protect sensitive agricultural products and enhance regulatory oversight [3]. Group 3: Economic Impact - The agreement is expected to benefit the EU's industrial and manufacturing sectors, particularly in high-value industries such as automotive, machinery, and aerospace [4]. - For Mercosur member countries, exports in agriculture, mining, and primary processed goods are anticipated to grow, attracting foreign investment and technological cooperation [4]. Group 4: Geopolitical Significance - The agreement is seen as a response to rising protectionism, showcasing the ability of large trade blocs to promote rule-based cooperation [5]. - It may also influence free trade negotiations in the Asia-Pacific and Africa regions and help the EU and South America mitigate external risks amid complex global power dynamics [5]. - Discussions surrounding the balance between openness and protection, fairness and efficiency, and growth versus green transition are expected to continue, highlighting the agreement's role as a key indicator of EU-South America relations [5].