北大教授李玲谈美国财政困境：天量医疗支出拖垮政府，马斯克“政府效率部”改革必定失败

Group 1: Economic Overview - The theme of the "2025 Annual Conference and the 18th Golden Unicorn Forum" is "Starting the 14th Five-Year Plan, New Economic Voyage - Reshaping Growth Paradigms, Creating Future Prosperity" [1][12] - The U.S. national debt has exceeded $38 trillion and continues to grow, which is identified as a fundamental reason for the country's fiscal difficulties [3][14] Group 2: U.S. Public Finance - In 2025, U.S. fiscal revenue is projected to be $5.235 trillion, with major expenditures including Medicare and Medicaid, which together exceed $1.6 trillion [4][15] - The largest expenditure category for the U.S. government is healthcare, which is seen as a burden on the government and a factor in the decline of U.S. industrial competitiveness [5][16] Group 3: Industrial Competitiveness - High healthcare costs are cited as a reason for the decline in U.S. industrialization, as they diminish the competitiveness of U.S. industries [7][18] - In contrast, China is described as the world's strongest industrialized nation, with effective healthcare reforms leading to a decrease in healthcare expenditure growth and an increase in industrial output quality [10][21]