彭先觉院士解析核聚变：Z-FFR为理想方向

Core Insights - The presentation by Academician Peng Xianjue focused on the breakthroughs in nuclear fusion technology, specifically the Z-pinch fusion-fission hybrid reactor (Z-FFR), and its implications for future energy systems [1][2]. Group 1: Technology Overview - The Z-FFR system combines a Z-pinch driven fusion unit with a deep subcritical blanket, achieving energy conversion efficiency exceeding 10%, significantly higher than laser fusion [1]. - The system's construction cost is less than one-third of the U.S. National Ignition Facility (NIF), and it operates in a deep subcritical state, ensuring absolute safety with a passive heat removal system [1]. - Nuclear fusion, as explained, involves the fusion of light nuclei to release energy, requiring overcoming electrostatic repulsion through heating to extreme temperatures, with deuterium and tritium being the most effective fuels [1]. Group 2: Energy Potential and Applications - The Z-FFR system can increase uranium resource utilization to over 90% and is compatible with thorium resources and spent fuel, potentially meeting humanity's energy needs for thousands of years [2]. - The system is capable of rapid power adjustment and can integrate with renewable energy sources, significantly reducing energy storage costs [2]. - Potential applications include combined heat and power systems, urban heating, seawater desalination, and agricultural transformation [2]. Group 3: Industrialization Pathway - The Z-FFR has completed key research phases and is entering the engineering validation stage, with critical technology demonstrations expected before 2030 [2]. - The construction of the 50MA large scientific facility is anticipated by 2029, with plans for an experimental heating reactor by 2032 [2]. - Industrialization prerequisites include breakthroughs in long-life capacitors and switches, cost-effective mass production of fusion targets, and advancements in spent fuel processing and metal uranium cladding manufacturing [2]. Group 4: Safety and Commercialization - The Z-FFR system mitigates nuclear accident risks through critical safety and residual heat safety measures, with a very low probability of tritium leakage [3]. - Cost predictions suggest that a 1 million kW power station could be built for approximately 20 billion yuan, with electricity prices potentially dropping to around 0.1 yuan per kilowatt-hour [3]. - The unique advantages of China's Z-pinch hybrid reactor technology are highlighted, with a call for market-driven commercialization to accelerate industry development [3].