ADB：全球贸易融资缺口高达2.5万亿美元

Core Insights - Despite global economic recovery, financial institutions are unable to meet the trade financing needs of businesses, leading to a significant financing gap that hampers global economic growth and development potential [1] Group 1: Trade Financing Gap - The global trade financing gap remains at $2.5 trillion, showing little change from 2023, indicating persistent financing difficulties for businesses in cross-border trade [1] - The trade financing gap has expanded over the past decade, increasing from approximately $1.5 trillion in 2015 to the current $2.5 trillion, remaining high in recent surveys [1][2] - ADB's Steven Beck states that this ongoing gap signifies insufficient funding support for global trade, thereby limiting economic growth [1] Group 2: Factors Contributing to Financing Gap - The increase in financing requirements is attributed to heightened bank demands regarding risk, compliance, and capital usage, making it harder for businesses, especially SMEs, to secure trade financing [2] - Global trade tensions, including tariff hikes and unstable trade policies, compel businesses to adjust supply chains, increasing costs and necessitating more funding for operations [2] - Companies are diversifying trade and settlement methods to reduce reliance on single markets or currencies, further escalating the demand for trade financing [2] Group 3: Temporary Relief and Technological Impact - Recent declines in commodity and energy prices have temporarily reduced some businesses' funding needs, but ADB believes this will not fundamentally resolve the trade financing shortfall [3] - Financial technology is increasingly utilized in trade financing to streamline processes and reduce costs, but its effectiveness in addressing the overall financing gap remains to be seen [3] Group 4: Currency Trends in Trade Financing - The US dollar remains the dominant currency in global trade financing, accounting for approximately 82% of transaction volume, although there is a growing demand for local currencies in trade financing [3] - Over half of surveyed banks report a noticeable increase in the demand for local currency trade financing in recent years, indicating a shift towards more flexible transaction methods to mitigate currency fluctuation risks and lower funding costs [3] Group 5: Impact on SMEs - The lack of trade financing disproportionately affects SMEs, which often lack sufficient assets and stable credit histories, making them more susceptible to financing rejections [3] - When financing is restricted, SMEs face immediate challenges such as difficulties in fulfilling orders and tight cash flow [3]