特朗普下令：180天打破中国垄断，不然加税

Core Viewpoint - The United States aims to reduce its dependence on Chinese rare earths by forming alliances, but continues to employ unilateral tactics such as tariff threats and deadlines [1][12]. Group 1: U.S. Policy and Actions - On January 14, President Trump signed a presidential announcement titled "Adjusting the Import of Processed Critical Minerals and Their Derivatives," threatening global suppliers with new trade barriers if they do not negotiate agreements with the U.S. [3][13]. - Trump declared that the U.S. reliance on foreign processed critical minerals poses a "national security threat" [2][14]. - The announcement states that by 2024, the U.S. will fully depend on imports for 12 critical minerals, with 29 others having a net import reliance of 50% or more [4][15]. - The U.S. Department of Commerce concluded that this reliance exposes critical sectors like defense and telecommunications to supply disruptions and price volatility [4][15]. - Trump instructed U.S. Trade Representative Jamison Greer and Commerce Secretary Howard Lutnick to negotiate agreements within 180 days, with a deadline of July 13 [4][15]. Group 2: International Relations and Supply Chain - The announcement did not specify demands to allies but emphasized the need for supply chain diversification away from "dominant and potentially coercive" sources [5][16]. - Measures suggested include enhancing processing capabilities among allies, securing purchasing agreements, and investing in non-Chinese facilities [5][16]. - The G7 finance ministers discussed rare earths, with China controlling over 60% of global rare earth production and 92% of processing [9][19]. - The U.S. and EU are developing emergency plans to enhance local production and diversify supplier networks [9][19]. - The U.S. is increasing cooperation with allies like Australia, Malaysia, Indonesia, and Vietnam to establish alternative supply chains [9][19]. Group 3: Pricing Strategies and Market Impact - The U.S. is considering setting a "price floor" for rare earths, which has raised concerns among G7 and EU members about potential cost increases for manufacturers [10][20]. - The 180-day deadline imposed by the U.S. is seen as direct pressure on the EU and India, both of which are hesitant about the price floor mechanism [10][20]. - China's Ministry of Foreign Affairs reiterated its commitment to maintaining stability and security in the global critical minerals supply chain [10][20].