美国霸权的拉美棋局（下）：猪湾72小时，古巴挫败美国颠覆阴谋

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the historical context and implications of the U.S. military intervention in Cuba during the "Bay of Pigs" incident, highlighting the failure of the operation and its impact on U.S.-Cuba relations and the broader geopolitical landscape in Latin America [1][9]. Group 1: Historical Background - In 1959, Fidel Castro's revolutionary forces overthrew the U.S.-backed Batista regime in Cuba, leading to a series of reforms that challenged U.S. economic and political interests [2][4]. - The Cuban government implemented land reforms and nationalization policies that directly affected U.S. investments, particularly in the sugar industry, prompting the U.S. to impose trade sanctions and cut off aid [4][5]. Group 2: The Bay of Pigs Invasion - The U.S. planned the invasion of Cuba, training Cuban exiles to overthrow Castro's government, which was executed under President Kennedy's authorization in 1961 [6][8]. - The invasion, known as the "Bay of Pigs" incident, began on April 17, 1961, but quickly failed due to strong resistance from Cuban forces, resulting in the capture of nearly 1,200 invaders [8][9]. Group 3: Aftermath and Consequences - The failure of the invasion solidified Castro's position in Cuba and led to the declaration of Cuba as a socialist state, further straining U.S.-Cuba relations [9][10]. - The incident prompted widespread condemnation of the U.S. internationally, with significant protests in Latin America against U.S. intervention, highlighting the geopolitical ramifications of the failed operation [10].