2026，预见|科技篇：竞合突围——算力时代的供应链重构与瓶颈约束

Core Insights - The year 2026 marks the beginning of the "15th Five-Year Plan," with the market seeking new directions amidst macroeconomic changes and industry adjustments [1][12] - The focus of the technological transformation is shifting from laboratory model competitions to global industrialization efforts, characterized by "co-opetition" between global tech races and domestic supply chain breakthroughs [2][13] Group 1: Overseas Computing Power - The demand for overseas AI computing power remains a bright spot in global tech investment, driven by strong capital expenditures from tech giants supported by robust cash flows [3][14] - The competitive landscape in the large model sector is stable, avoiding harmful internal competition, while the evolution of technology from text and multimodal to "world models" is clear, opening new ceilings for growth [3][14] - The investment strategy focuses on selecting leading companies for long-term holding, benefiting from a clear demand chain that starts with optical modules, followed by servers and supporting components like PCBs [3][14] Group 2: Domestic Substitution - China's path to overcoming existing computing power gaps is becoming clearer, utilizing "super node" clusters to compensate for single-point weaknesses, which will significantly increase demand for GPUs and high-speed switching chips [4][15] - The semiconductor equipment and materials sector shows strong certainty, as expansion requires purchasing equipment and materials regardless of which wafer factory prevails [4][15] - Attention is drawn to leading equipment manufacturers benefiting from orders in the expansion of domestic storage giants, as well as small-cap growth stocks that achieve breakthroughs in high-end processes [4][15] Group 3: Storage Chips - AI is fundamentally altering the supply-demand dynamics of storage chips, with supply growing steadily at around 15% annually, while demand surges due to the memory functions of large models and the massive consumption of multimodal content [5][16] - The focus is on the listing and expansion of domestic storage leaders, which presents opportunities not only for chip design companies but also for the entire supply chain from module manufacturing to upstream equipment and materials [5][17] - The current storage cycle is accompanied by rapid technological iterations, leading to potential early depreciation of capacity, which introduces unique "option value" in investments [6][17] Group 4: AI Extensions - The success of grand technological concepts relies on solid physical foundations and commercial closed loops, extending the view to both ends of the industry chain [7][18] - The surge in computing power in North American data centers has created significant electricity shortages, making energy storage a core solution for stabilizing power supply, transitioning from a theme to a necessity [7][18] - As infrastructure improves, finding value "outlets" becomes crucial, with a focus on companies in the Hong Kong market that can integrate traditional businesses with AI, as well as new infrastructure services emerging in the AI era [7][18] Group 5: Market Dynamics - In addition to focusing on high-growth sectors, attention is also given to the "other side" of the market [8][19] - There is a reverse layout for high growth in the lithium battery supply chain driven by energy storage, with expectations of supply-demand mismatches in midstream battery materials and upstream resources due to unexpectedly high demand [8][19] - Caution is advised regarding overheated themes like humanoid robots, which face significant engineering challenges and unclear paths to mass production and profitability [8][19] Conclusion - The technology investment landscape in 2026 is expected to be complex and differentiated, with ongoing prosperity for overseas computing power leaders and challenges for domestic supply chains [9][20] - The interplay of hardware investments and the patient exploration of application deployment highlights the need for a nuanced understanding of industry logic [9][20] - The focus will remain on the essence of technological evolution, supply-demand patterns, and commercial closed loops to navigate the significant industrial transformation ahead [9][20]