哪颗痣有风险？专家提醒：黑色素瘤发病率上升，警惕危险信号

Core Insights - The incidence of melanoma, a highly malignant skin tumor, is on the rise, despite its overall low incidence rate. It has a high mortality rate and rapid metastasis, making it one of the most dangerous types of skin tumors [2][3]. Group 1: Incidence and Mortality - In 2022, approximately 332,000 new cases of melanoma were reported globally, with around 59,000 deaths. In China, there were about 9,000 new cases and 5,000 deaths, with the incidence rate continuing to increase annually [3][4]. - The five-year survival rate for patients diagnosed with stage III melanoma has improved significantly due to advancements in drug development and personalized treatment strategies [4]. Group 2: Treatment Approaches - Treatment for melanoma includes surgery, immunotherapy, targeted therapy, and chemotherapy, with plans tailored based on the patient's subtype, stage, and genetic testing results [6]. - The establishment of multidisciplinary teams (MDT) for melanoma treatment has become a trend, allowing for more personalized and precise treatment plans [6]. Group 3: Risk Factors and Demographics - Melanoma incidence varies significantly between populations, with rates in Caucasians being much higher than in Asian populations. In Caucasians, the incidence can reach 20 per 100,000, while in Asians, it is primarily found in the extremities [5]. - Factors contributing to melanoma development include UV exposure, genetic predisposition, chronic irritation, and immune status [5]. Group 4: Self-Examination and Awareness - The "ABCDE" rule is recommended for the public to self-examine moles for potential malignancy, focusing on asymmetry, border irregularity, color variation, diameter, and evolution of the mole [7]. - While the overall incidence of melanoma in China remains low, any abnormal changes in moles or spots should be taken seriously, and early diagnosis is crucial for improving long-term survival chances [9].