求是专访：如何认识和充分挖掘大国经济潜能

Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the importance of fully tapping into China's economic potential as a strategic choice for long-term development, particularly in the context of the upcoming Central Economic Work Conference in 2025, which highlights the need to explore economic potential as a priority [1][2]. Group 1: Economic Potential Factors - The three core elements determining economic potential are supply capacity, demand scale, and institutional environment, which interact to shape a country's long-term growth trajectory [2]. - Economic potential varies across different countries and stages of development, and it does not automatically convert into growth momentum; thus, developing countries must manage the release of their economic potential effectively [2][3]. - China's economic potential is characterized by a large domestic market, a complete industrial system, and a significant talent pool, which provide a solid foundation for sustainable growth [6][7]. Group 2: Current Economic Context - China is transitioning to a high-quality development phase, moving away from reliance on cheap labor and resource input, necessitating a shift from scale expansion to efficiency improvement [3]. - The external economic environment is increasingly complex, with global growth slowing and domestic demand weak, highlighting the need for China to cultivate new growth points and maintain economic stability [5][6]. Group 3: Development Goals and Strategies - By 2035, China aims to achieve a per capita GDP level comparable to that of moderately developed countries, requiring an average annual growth rate of at least 4.17% during the 14th and 15th Five-Year Plans [5]. - The article suggests that to achieve these goals, China must eliminate institutional barriers to releasing economic potential and steadily improve total factor productivity [5][6]. Group 4: Challenges and Solutions - The article identifies insufficient domestic demand as a significant challenge to fully releasing economic potential, with consumer spending and investment showing signs of weakness [14][15]. - To address these issues, it is crucial to expand domestic demand while simultaneously deepening supply-side structural reforms to create a balanced economic environment [15][16]. Group 5: Innovation and Technology - Technological innovation is highlighted as a key driver for releasing economic potential, with a focus on enhancing basic research and fostering a strong role for enterprises in innovation [16][19]. - The article calls for a deeper integration of technological and industrial innovation to improve the efficiency of converting economic potential into actual growth [16][19].