煤矸石发电遭多重制约，建材利用卖不动！资源化路径为何越走越窄？

Core Viewpoint - The State Council has issued the "Solid Waste Comprehensive Management Action Plan," emphasizing the need to enhance the comprehensive utilization of bulk solid waste, particularly coal gangue, which poses environmental risks if improperly managed [1] Group 1: Current Situation of Coal Gangue - Coal gangue, a byproduct of coal mining, constitutes about 20% of the raw coal output, with an estimated annual production of 825 million tons in 2024 and a historical cumulative stock exceeding 7 billion tons [2] - The improper disposal of coal gangue leads to significant environmental concerns, including the potential leaching of heavy metals and acidic substances into water and soil [2] - The comprehensive utilization rate of coal gangue in China reached 73.8% in 2022, but this is still lower than the over 90% rates seen in countries like the U.S. and the U.K. [3] Group 2: Challenges in Utilization - The complexity of coal gangue composition and its low calorific value hinder its utilization, with only about 30% currently used for low calorific value power generation [3][4] - The high costs associated with the treatment and utilization of coal gangue, along with competition from traditional markets, limit its effectiveness in construction material production [4] - The current capacity for high-value utilization of coal gangue is low, with some production lines handling less than 100,000 tons per year, which is insufficient compared to the millions of tons generated by mines [4] Group 3: Potential Solutions and Global Practices - Countries like the U.S. and Australia have established effective pathways for the utilization of coal gangue, particularly in construction materials and resource extraction [5] - In the U.S., coal mines have successfully transformed coal gangue mountains into agricultural land through soil improvement and vegetation restoration [5] - China's underground filling and land reclamation methods show promise for large-scale coal gangue disposal, but they also increase mining costs and reduce operational efficiency [6]