中国工程院院士王金南：如何理解以制度协同改革引领排污许可优化？

Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the importance of reforming the three core systems of ecological environment zoning control, environmental impact assessment (EIA), and pollutant discharge permits to enhance ecological governance modernization and support high-quality development [1][13]. Summary by Sections System Positioning - Ecological environment zoning control provides the "bottom line" and "framework" for various development activities, serving as a foundational system for ecological management and ensuring the construction of a beautiful China [2][14]. - EIA acts as the main system for source prevention, controlling environmental access for planning and projects, and requires reform to reduce burdens on grassroots while maintaining strict access controls [2][14]. - Pollutant discharge permits are the core system for regulating fixed pollution sources, connecting source control with end-of-pipe governance, and enabling precise lifecycle management of pollution sources [2][14]. System Interconnection - The three systems are interconnected, forming a logical loop of "spatial control—access control—emission regulation," with each system aiming to improve environmental quality through precise management [3][15]. - Zoning control focuses on spatial dimensions, EIA on decision-making dimensions, and pollutant discharge permits on emission dimensions, each addressing different aspects of environmental management [3][15]. Implementation Sequence - Zoning control is foundational and precedes other management, EIA occurs during planning and project decision-making, and pollutant discharge permits are implemented during the operational phase of projects [4][16]. Reform Significance - Reforming ecological environment zoning control is crucial for enhancing the synergy among the three systems, improving their scientific and operational effectiveness, and providing a basis for optimizing EIA and pollutant discharge permit systems [5][17]. Key Reform Directions for Pollutant Discharge Permits - The vision for pollutant discharge permits is to establish a comprehensive, scientifically sound, and efficient "one-permit" regulatory system for fixed pollution sources, transitioning from broad to precise control [8][20]. - Key reform tasks include comprehensive coverage of all pollutants, effective interlinking with zoning control and EIA, full lifecycle management, promoting quality standards, and clarifying corporate responsibilities [8][20]. Implementation Pathways - Establish a permit emission volume determination system based on environmental quality goals, enhancing precision and adaptability to local conditions [21]. - Promote interlinked management across environmental systems, ensuring cohesive regulatory frameworks and processes [21]. - Advance "one-permit" management to integrate pollution and carbon emissions control, utilizing a unified information management platform for comprehensive reporting and management [10][22].