筑起四道防线 远离颈动脉斑块

Core Viewpoint - The prevalence of carotid artery plaques is increasing among citizens due to the popularity of health check-ups, and early detection and intervention are crucial for maintaining cerebrovascular health [1][2]. Group 1: Health Risks and Causes - Carotid artery plaques are becoming a common finding in health check-ups, with factors such as chronic stress, poor sleep, irregular diet, and lack of exercise accelerating the process of atherosclerosis [2]. - The formation of plaques is a slow and silent process, particularly affecting individuals with hypertension, hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia, and those with a family history of cardiovascular diseases [2]. Group 2: Preventive Measures - Four practical recommendations are provided to prevent plaque formation: 1. Dietary changes should follow the principles of low salt, low fat, low sugar, and high fiber, emphasizing the consumption of vegetables, fruits, whole grains, and deep-sea fish [3]. 2. Regular moderate-intensity aerobic exercise for at least 150 minutes per week is advised to help lower "bad cholesterol" and raise "good cholesterol" [3]. 3. Strict management of metabolic health is essential, including the treatment of hypertension, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia [3]. 4. Smoking cessation and moderation in alcohol consumption are critical, along with ensuring 7-8 hours of quality sleep each night [4]. Group 3: Screening and Monitoring - Individuals aged 40 and above should include carotid ultrasound in their health check-ups, while those with risk factors should proactively seek screening regardless of age [5]. - Understanding the ultrasound report is vital, with specific attention to the "IMT" (intima-media thickness) values indicating plaque presence [6]. - Regular follow-up is recommended based on the presence and severity of plaques, with low-risk individuals advised to recheck every 2-3 years and those with existing plaques to monitor every 6-12 months [6].