“稳、进、新、韧” ——四个关键字透视2025年中国经济

Core Viewpoint - In 2025, China's GDP reached 140.19 trillion yuan, marking a 5.0% increase from the previous year, reflecting a stable and progressive economic environment despite various challenges [1][2]. Economic Stability - The GDP growth of 5.0% in 2025 is significant for a large economy like China, which also maintained an average urban unemployment rate of 5.2% and achieved record high trade volumes with foreign exchange reserves exceeding 3.3 trillion USD [2]. - The total retail sales of consumer goods surpassed 50 trillion yuan, growing by 3.7%, indicating a strong consumer market supported by various policy measures [2]. - Industrial production contributed significantly to economic stability, with the industrial added value reaching 41.7 trillion yuan, a 5.8% increase, contributing 35% to economic growth [2]. Economic Progress - Despite complex internal and external environments, China accelerated the transformation of old and new growth drivers, with high-tech manufacturing's added value rising to 17.1% of total industrial output [4]. - The contribution of final consumption expenditure to economic growth exceeded 50%, showcasing a shift towards a consumption-driven economy [4]. - The total import and export volume grew by 3.8%, reflecting a robust trade environment [4]. Innovation and New Growth Drivers - In 2025, R&D expenditure intensity reached 2.8%, surpassing the OECD average for the first time, with total R&D spending at 39.26 billion yuan [6]. - China became the first country with over 5 million valid invention patents, and its PCT international patent applications ranked first globally for six consecutive years [6]. - The manufacturing sector saw significant growth in digital products, with a 9.3% increase in output, and the information technology services sector grew by 11.1% [7]. Resilience - Despite global economic challenges, China's economy demonstrated resilience, achieving a growth rate of 5.0% and contributing approximately 30% to global economic growth [8]. - The diversification of foreign trade has accelerated, with China becoming a major trading partner for over 150 countries, focusing on high-tech and high-value-added exports [8]. - The foundation laid during the 14th Five-Year Plan is expected to support continued high-quality development into the 15th Five-Year Plan [9].