半导体行业景气上行，核心设备工艺与国产替代现状如何？

Core Insights - The semiconductor equipment sector is expected to experience strong growth driven by AI and advanced process demands, particularly in GPU-related revenues [1] - The global semiconductor equipment market has shown stable growth, primarily due to the increasing demand for consumer electronics [1] - China's semiconductor equipment market has rapidly grown, capturing approximately 40% of the global market share, driven by both rising chip demand and the need for self-sufficiency in the domestic semiconductor industry [4][2] Semiconductor Equipment Market Overview - Wafer manufacturing equipment accounts for about 90% of the semiconductor equipment market, with thin film deposition, etching, and lithography each contributing around 20% [2] - The growth of the Chinese semiconductor equipment market significantly outpaces the global average due to the rising demand for semiconductor chips [2] Chip Manufacturing Process - The chip manufacturing process involves multiple steps, including purification of industrial sand, pulling of silicon rods, and various processes like polishing and cutting to create wafers [6] - Thin film deposition methods include CVD, PVD, and ALD, with ALD being the most advanced due to its precision at the atomic level [6] Lithography Technology - Lithography is a critical process in chip manufacturing, with high technical barriers; the fourth-generation lithography machines operate at a wavelength of 193 nm [7] - The EUV lithography machines, which are essential for advanced processes, are currently monopolized by overseas companies, particularly ASML, which holds over 80% of the market share [7] Investment Opportunities - The semiconductor equipment sector has transitioned from a focus on self-sufficiency to a landscape influenced by overseas computing power, with significant capital expenditure changes in foreign storage companies impacting the domestic sector [8] - The semiconductor equipment ETF (159516) is highlighted as a strong investment tool, offering exposure to leading companies in the equipment and materials sectors, and is positioned well to capitalize on the industry's cyclical growth [8]