从“奢侈品”到“必需品” 抽水蓄能这五年发生了什么？

Core Viewpoint - The development of pumped storage hydropower in China has transitioned from being viewed as a luxury to an essential component of the energy system, with significant advancements in capacity and technology during the 14th Five-Year Plan period [2][3][11]. Group 1: Capacity Growth - By the end of 2025, the first unit of the Zhejiang Tiantai pumped storage power station will be operational, featuring a single unit capacity of 425,000 kilowatts and a rated water head of 724 meters, setting new domestic and global records [1]. - The installed capacity of pumped storage in China increased from 31 million kilowatts at the beginning of the 14th Five-Year Plan to 66 million kilowatts by its conclusion, effectively doubling the capacity [1][3]. - In 2021, the National Energy Administration set a target for a total installed capacity of 120 million kilowatts by 2030, with a focus on 340 key projects [3][11]. Group 2: Technological Advancements - The industry has seen a significant technological revolution, with the development of a new type of variable-speed pumped storage unit that can adjust power output efficiently, marking a shift from following to leading in technology [7][8]. - The successful launch of the first domestic large-scale variable-speed pumped storage unit's excitation system in July 2025 represents a breakthrough in overcoming previous technological barriers [7][8]. - The Zhejiang Tiantai pumped storage power station's unit, with the highest rated water head globally, signifies China's leading position in high-head pumped storage technology [8]. Group 3: Market Dynamics - The policy framework for pumped storage has been enhanced, with the introduction of a two-part electricity pricing mechanism that stabilizes revenue expectations and attracts diverse investment [11][12]. - Non-traditional power investors, including local energy groups and social capital, have increasingly entered the pumped storage sector, reflecting a significant market reform [12][13]. - The implementation of the Energy Law and management guidelines for pumped storage projects aims to ensure a balanced national approach while accommodating local differences [12][13]. Group 4: Future Outlook - The pumped storage sector is expected to continue its rapid growth, with projections indicating a total installed capacity of around 120 million kilowatts by 2030, aligning with the development of renewable energy [13]. - The integration of smart construction technologies, such as IoT and AI, is transforming traditional hydropower projects into modernized benchmarks of efficiency and effectiveness [9].