基础研究进入“从0到1”突破期

Core Insights - In 2025, China's foundational research is entering a breakthrough phase characterized by significant original achievements and increased funding, with basic research funding reaching a historical high of 7.08% of total R&D expenditure [1][12]. Group 1: Breakthroughs in Fundamental Research - China has made notable advancements in various fields, including the first successful large-scale preparation of two-dimensional metallic materials and the development of the "Zu Chongzhi III" quantum computing prototype, which set a world record [1]. - The country has achieved a world-first in thorium-uranium nuclear fuel conversion, reinforcing its leadership in molten salt reactor research and providing core technological support for future thorium resource development [3]. - In quantum technology, China maintains a leading position globally, with significant breakthroughs in computational power and secure communication networks [3]. Group 2: Major Scientific Facilities - China has over 70 major scientific facilities, which are crucial for supporting foundational research and have led to significant discoveries, such as improved measurements of neutrino oscillation parameters and insights into cosmic rays [8][9]. - The "FAST" telescope has made a significant discovery regarding a rare pulsar, showcasing the importance of major scientific infrastructure in advancing research [6]. Group 3: Systematic Enhancements in Research Framework - The Chinese government has prioritized foundational research in its strategic planning, aiming to enhance original innovation capabilities and increase funding for basic research [11]. - The revised National Natural Science Foundation regulations, effective from January 1, 2025, aim to diversify funding mechanisms and encourage original research, particularly among young scientists [11][12]. - Continuous improvements in the research system, stable funding, and a growing pool of young talent are driving the surge in original innovations [12].