政府采购“反内卷”定新规矩，企业投标从低价零和博弈将转向多方共赢

Group 1 - The Ministry of Finance has issued a notification to address "involution" in government procurement by introducing specific quantitative indicators for abnormal low-price bids [1] - If a supplier's bid is below 50% of the average bid from all suppliers, 50% of the second-lowest bid, or 45% of the maximum project price, an abnormal low-price review process will be initiated [1] - The review process requires suppliers to justify their bids with detailed cost calculations and supporting documentation, or their bids will be deemed invalid [1] Group 2 - The new standards shift the competitive landscape from a two-player game focused solely on price to a multi-player game where companies must consider the average and second-lowest bids [2] - This change encourages companies to price closer to the actual market value, moving away from the "involution" of low pricing, allowing for better profit margins for all winning bidders [2] - The notification also incorporates a "whole life cycle cost concept," requiring suppliers to include costs related to operation, maintenance, and disposal in their bids [2][3] Group 3 - The introduction of the whole life cycle cost concept transforms the bidding process into a long-term repeated game, where companies face legal consequences for non-compliance, affecting their future bidding opportunities [3] - A successful bidding history will enhance a company's reputation, leading to more favorable outcomes in future procurements [3] - The notification aligns with recent reforms in the pharmaceutical sector, emphasizing reasonable pricing over the lowest bid, benefiting patients, companies, and healthcare systems [3]