海姆立克急救法“升级”

Core Viewpoint - The American Heart Association and the International Resuscitation Alliance have released the 2025 version of the "Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Cardiovascular Emergency Guidelines," which includes significant changes to the management of airway obstruction due to foreign bodies, emphasizing a process optimization based on the principle of "safety first, effectiveness second" [1][2]. Summary by Sections Misconception Clarification - The Heimlich maneuver is not synonymous with the airway obstruction emergency procedure; it is a specific abdominal thrust technique. The updated guidelines focus on a comprehensive process that includes back blows, chest thrusts, abdominal thrusts, and CPR, tailored to the patient's age, size, and specific circumstances [2]. Core Update: "Back 5 + Thrust 5" - The new universal treatment for conscious severe airway obstruction patients involves alternating between five back blows and five corresponding thrusts (abdominal or chest), applicable to all ages and body types, following the mnemonic "Back 5, Thrust 5" [3]. Targeted Rescue by Population - For infants under one year, back blows and chest thrusts are recommended, while abdominal thrusts are prohibited due to the risk of organ damage. The procedure involves positioning the infant face down on the forearm and delivering five gentle back blows [4][5]. - For children over one year and adults, the combination of back blows and abdominal thrusts is emphasized, with specific guidelines on force and positioning to enhance effectiveness [6][7]. - Pregnant women and obese individuals should avoid abdominal thrusts due to anatomical considerations, instead using back blows and chest thrusts [8][9]. Continuous Monitoring - After successfully expelling the foreign object, patients should be monitored for at least 15 minutes for any signs of complications, such as vomiting, and should seek medical evaluation to rule out residual foreign bodies or internal injuries [10].