钢铁企业如何避免“碳竞争力”掉队？

Core Viewpoint - The implementation of the EU Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) presents unprecedented systemic challenges for Chinese steel enterprises, but it can also be transformed into a significant opportunity for promoting high-quality industrial development through proactive adaptation and transformation [1] Group 1: Challenges Faced by Steel Enterprises - The implementation of CBAM poses three main challenges for export enterprises: difficulty in carbon data accounting, unfamiliarity with compliance processes, and unclear emission reduction pathways [2] - The stringent monitoring, reporting, and verification requirements of the EU for carbon emissions data may lead to increased carbon costs if enterprises rely on high default values set by the EU [2] - Enterprises face risks such as fines and market access issues due to potential errors in the compliance process, which involves multiple steps including product classification and emissions calculation [2] Group 2: Recommendations for Steel Enterprises - Steel enterprises should prioritize low-carbon technology research and application as a core strategy, accelerating the implementation of advanced processes like hydrogen metallurgy to reduce carbon emissions [3] - Establishing a compliance system that aligns with EU standards for carbon measurement and reporting is essential, including promoting low-carbon product certifications and collaborating with third-party verification agencies [3] - Companies should optimize market strategies by deepening domestic market engagement and expanding into international markets, particularly in countries involved in the Belt and Road Initiative [3] Group 3: Policy and International Cooperation - China should enhance negotiations for mutual recognition of carbon markets with the EU, aiming for carbon quota recognition to reduce dual carbon costs for enterprises [4] - Active participation in global carbon pricing rule-making and international climate governance is necessary to advocate for a fair international trade environment [4] - The steel industry association should provide public services such as carbon accounting and compliance consulting to support small and medium-sized enterprises [4] Group 4: Technological Pathways - Structural adjustments and technological innovations, such as hydrogen metallurgy and carbon capture, utilization, and storage, are essential for achieving carbon neutrality in the steel industry [4] - Despite the high costs associated with hydrogen metallurgy, advancements in this technology position China at the forefront globally, with large-scale applications expected as green hydrogen costs decrease [4]