科技新观察丨基础研究进入“从0到1”突破期——2025科技工作新亮点之二

Core Insights - In 2025, China's foundational research is entering a breakthrough phase characterized by significant original achievements and advancements in various scientific fields [1][4][12] Group 1: Breakthroughs in Fundamental Research - China has made notable progress in fundamental research, achieving breakthroughs such as the first large-scale preparation of two-dimensional metal materials and the development of the "Zu Chongzhi III" superconducting quantum computing prototype, which set a world record [1][3] - The country has also successfully demonstrated the feasibility of thorium-based molten salt nuclear fuel conversion, reinforcing its leading position in the global molten salt reactor research field [3][12] - In the field of quantum technology, China maintains a leading position globally, with significant advancements in quantum computing capabilities and secure communication networks [3][12] Group 2: Investment and Funding in Research - In 2025, the proportion of foundational research funding in total R&D expenditure reached a historic high of 7.08%, reflecting a continuous increase in investment in foundational research [1][16] - The total R&D expenditure in 2025 was approximately 39,262 billion yuan, maintaining China's position as the second-largest investor in R&D globally [16] - Local governments, such as Shanghai, are implementing policies to enhance foundational research investment, including matching funds for private sector contributions [16] Group 3: Infrastructure and Support for Research - China has over 70 major scientific facilities that support foundational research, contributing to significant achievements in various fields, including particle physics and astrophysics [9][12] - The "FAST" telescope has made groundbreaking discoveries in pulsar research, showcasing the capabilities of China's major scientific infrastructure [7][12] - The establishment of a comprehensive research system and the continuous support for young scientific talent are crucial for fostering original innovations in foundational research [15][16]