死亡率最高达75%的尼帕病毒 感染后症状是什么？怎么预防？

Core Insights - The recent outbreak of Nipah virus in West Bengal, India, has resulted in 5 confirmed cases, including healthcare workers, prompting nearby countries like Thailand and Nepal to enhance health screening measures for travelers from India [1][2][3] Group 1: Outbreak Details - Five confirmed cases of Nipah virus infection have been reported in West Bengal, India, with patients receiving treatment in Kolkata and surrounding hospitals, including one in critical condition [2] - Initial investigations suggest that two healthcare workers were among the first infected, likely contracting the virus from a deceased patient who exhibited severe respiratory symptoms [2] - The local government is taking measures to prevent further spread, including sampling bats in zoos, as the virus is typically transmitted from bats to humans [2][8] Group 2: Regional Response - Thailand's Civil Aviation Authority announced comprehensive screening for flights from West Bengal starting from the 26th, including initial checks at departure and health declarations upon arrival [3][5] - Nepal's Ministry of Health has ordered enhanced quarantine monitoring at airports and border checkpoints, requiring hospitals to report suspected cases of Nipah virus infection [5] Group 3: Virus Information - Nipah virus was first identified in Malaysia in 1998, primarily affecting pig farmers and those in close contact with animals, with symptoms including fever, headache, and severe respiratory issues, and a mortality rate between 40% and 75% [6][8] - The virus can spread from animals to humans, particularly through contaminated food or water, and can also be transmitted between humans through close contact [8][9] Group 4: Prevention Measures - Effective prevention strategies are crucial due to the high fatality rate of Nipah virus, including minimizing contact with bats, managing livestock properly, and using personal protective equipment when handling potentially contaminated materials [13][14][15] - Immediate medical attention is advised for individuals exhibiting symptoms, with a need to inform healthcare providers of any potential exposure history [16]