“十五五”能源规划应聚焦新能源基础设施建设

Core Viewpoint - The key to building a strong energy nation in China lies in overcoming the bottleneck of grid stability and constructing a new energy system, focusing on seven types of infrastructure development [1]. Group 1: Infrastructure Development - The seven types of infrastructure include: flexible and clean transformation of coal power; large-scale energy storage to reduce costs; development of charging facilities and "vehicle-grid interaction"; enhancement of grid intelligence through artificial intelligence; construction of transmission channels for renewable energy bases in the west; resource-oriented energy consumption; and deepening market reforms to establish a unified national carbon market and green electricity market [1][2]. Group 2: Coal Power Transformation - Clean and flexible coal power is a solid support and important infrastructure for the new energy system, with a significant decline in operating hours for coal power due to its role in supporting grid stability [2]. Increasing coal power utilization hours to 5,500 could match current wind and solar generation levels [2]. Group 3: Energy Storage - The cost reduction effect from advancements in energy storage technology is diminishing, necessitating economies of scale for future cost reductions, particularly for grid-side energy storage [3]. While coal power has lower short-term costs, its long-term costs are rising, whereas large-scale energy storage costs are expected to decrease over time [3]. Group 4: Electric Vehicle Infrastructure - The rapid increase in electric vehicle adoption necessitates widespread charging infrastructure, with projections indicating that by 2025, the penetration rate of new energy vehicles will exceed 50% [4]. This infrastructure will allow for flexible charging times, leveraging peak and off-peak electricity prices [4]. Group 5: Artificial Intelligence in Energy - Artificial intelligence enhances the intelligence of the grid, improving the efficiency of matching electricity supply and demand, and enabling real-time monitoring and dynamic optimization of the entire energy production, transmission, and consumption process [5]. Group 6: Renewable Energy Bases and Transmission - The construction of large-scale renewable energy bases in the west and transmission channels to the eastern load centers is crucial, with anticipated high costs for long-distance transmission [6]. Two main transmission routes are expected to connect the west and east, focusing on wind, solar, and hydrogen energy [6]. Group 7: Resource Optimization in Energy Consumption - Viewing energy consumption as a vital resource allows for economic benefits through optimized resource allocation, including virtual power plants and load aggregation platforms [7]. Enhancing existing system capacity and scheduling efficiency can help meet energy supply demands without relying solely on new energy sources [7]. Group 8: Market-Oriented Energy Reforms - The establishment of a unified national energy market, including carbon trading, green electricity, and green certificates, is essential for supporting new energy infrastructure [8]. These reforms aim to enhance market competitiveness and adapt to dynamic energy changes, with the potential for residential electricity price reforms as electric vehicle adoption increases [8].