财经观察：欧洲寻求“数字主权”，能否摆脱对美依赖？

Core Viewpoint - Europe is accelerating the push for "digital sovereignty" to reduce reliance on American technology services amid escalating tensions with the U.S. However, achieving this goal is challenging due to the dominance of U.S. tech giants in the market and Europe's lack of technological infrastructure [1][3]. Group 1: Current Situation and Challenges - Europe is highly dependent on U.S. tech companies, with Amazon, Microsoft, and Google holding over two-thirds of the market share in cloud services [3]. - In 2024, European customers are expected to spend nearly $25 billion on infrastructure services from five major U.S. cloud providers, accounting for 83% of the European market [3]. - The trade deficit in computer services between the EU and the U.S. is close to €150 billion [3]. Group 2: Risks and Concerns - The heavy reliance on a few suppliers poses significant sovereignty risks for the EU, as technical failures or geopolitical disputes could have catastrophic consequences [5]. - Experts highlight that Europe's complacency has led to a near-total dependence on U.S. tech services, with a lack of independent technological foundations [5][6]. Group 3: Legislative and Strategic Responses - The EU has recognized the risks of losing "digital sovereignty" and has passed the "European Digital Sovereignty Declaration" and a resolution supporting the development of European cloud platforms and AI models [6]. - New legislation aimed at promoting "digital sovereignty" is being drafted, with discussions about the security risks posed by U.S. technology becoming more prominent [6]. Group 4: U.S. Tech Companies' Responses - U.S. tech companies are actively lobbying in Brussels, spending approximately €150 million annually and employing nearly 900 lobbyists to influence EU policies [7]. - To maintain their market share in Europe, U.S. companies are building more data centers locally and promising not to transfer customer data abroad [7][8]. Group 5: Future Outlook and Strategic Directions - Achieving "digital sovereignty" is expected to be a complex process, with experts suggesting that Europe should focus on diversity, resilience, and autonomy in its digital strategy [12]. - The transition towards "digital sovereignty" may lead to a gradual shift in supply chains and investment flows, potentially impacting U.S. tech stocks and promoting a more balanced global innovation landscape [14].