6 key ways the Federal Reserve impacts your money

Core Viewpoint - The Federal Reserve's interest rate decisions significantly impact borrowing costs, the job market, and overall economic conditions, with recent cuts expected to continue influencing these areas. Group 1: Interest Rate Changes and Economic Impact - The Fed raised interest rates to a 23-year high in 2022 and 2023 to combat inflation, but a downturn in hiring in 2024 led to a full percentage point cut in rates [1] - The Fed is expected to lower borrowing costs for a third time in December 2025, following cuts in September and October [1] - Cheaper borrowing costs can incentivize businesses to hire and invest, while expensive rates can lead to reduced consumer spending and hiring, worsening the job market [2] Group 2: Borrowing Costs and Consumer Finance - The Fed's interest rate decisions have a domino effect on various forms of borrowing, including auto loans, credit cards, and home equity lines of credit [3] - The Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) meets eight times a year to adjust the federal funds rate, which influences the entire economy [4] - Borrowing costs for significant items have increased since rates were near zero during the pandemic, with notable changes in home equity lines of credit, credit cards, and car loans [10][11] Group 3: Job Market and Employment - The job market has cooled significantly, with the unemployment rate above 4% since May 2024, and only 584,000 jobs added in 2025, a stark contrast to the previous year's growth [32] - Job cuts in 2025 surpassed one million, indicating a trend typically seen during recessions [33] - Concerns about job security have risen, with 69% of workers worried about their job stability, impacting their bargaining power for pay raises [34] Group 4: Influence on Savings and Investments - The Fed's rate hikes have led to the highest yields on savings accounts and CDs in over a decade, but yields decrease with rate cuts [15][18] - Higher interest rates make it harder for households to obtain credit, with 48% of applicants denied loans or financial products between December 2023 and December 2024 [19] - The stock market reacts negatively to higher rates, as investors often shift towards safer investments, impacting portfolio values [23][25]