“十五五”经济前瞻：立足比较优势 激活增长动能——对话北京大学国家发展研究院名誉院长、北京大学新结构经济学研究院院长林毅夫

Core Viewpoint - The "14th Five-Year Plan" period is crucial for China to achieve its goal of basic socialist modernization by 2035, with a target of maintaining an average economic growth rate of around 5% during this period, despite global economic challenges [1][2][3]. Economic Goals and Challenges - The primary economic goal for the "14th Five-Year Plan" is to sustain an average growth rate of around 5% to lay a solid foundation for achieving a per capita GDP level comparable to that of moderately developed countries by 2035 [2][3]. - The global economic environment remains challenging, with developed countries experiencing prolonged low growth rates since the 2008 financial crisis, impacting China's external demand, particularly for its private sector exports [2][3]. Opportunities Amidst Challenges - Despite existing challenges, there are significant opportunities in emerging industries such as solar panels, drones, and lithium batteries, which can leverage China's large market and complete industrial supply chains [3][4]. - Traditional industries can also benefit from digitalization, intelligence, and green technologies to enhance efficiency and reduce costs, allowing them to expand their market share [3][4]. Role of New Quality Productivity - New quality productivity is essential for upgrading industries, and companies should identify their comparative advantages to thrive in both emerging and traditional sectors [4][5]. - The development of new quality productivity relies on effective market mechanisms and proactive government support to guide investments in industries with comparative advantages [6][7]. Measures to Boost Market Confidence - To address insufficient domestic demand, three key measures are proposed: investing in infrastructure for emerging industries, enhancing workforce skills through training, and implementing targeted demand-creation strategies [6][7][8][9]. - These measures aim to alleviate excess capacity and improve market expectations regarding future income and employment, thereby boosting consumer confidence [10]. Long-term Economic Outlook - The expectation is that China can maintain a growth rate of around 5% even in a challenging international economic environment, continuing to contribute significantly to global economic growth [11][12][13][14].