中国社科院发布重大考古成果

Core Insights - The Chinese Academy of Social Sciences has released six major archaeological findings that provide insights into ancient animal domestication, textile technology, and early agricultural practices in China [10][12][19]. Group 1: Animal Resource Specimens - The Chinese Animal Resource Specimen Bank houses over 100,000 specimens, including the earliest known dog remains from the Hebei Nanzhuangtou site, dating back 10,000 years [10][11]. - The collection includes significant ancient animal remains from 121 archaeological sites across 26 provinces, recognized for its comprehensive and representative nature [10][12]. - Notable specimens include the earliest known domesticated pig remains from the Jiahu site, dating back 9,000 years, and the earliest domesticated sheep remains from the Lajia site, dating back 5,000 years [11][12]. Group 2: Innovations in Archaeological Excavation and Artifact Preservation - The excavation of the 1300-year-old Blood Wei No. 1 Tomb in Qinghai utilized a new integrated approach of meticulous excavation, synchronous protection, and restoration research, successfully preserving and restoring valuable artifacts [13][14]. - The team employed advanced techniques such as 3D scanning and microscopic analysis to restore fragmented artifacts, including a complete Tang Dynasty lacquered horse armor [13][14]. - The project exemplifies a new paradigm in cultural heritage preservation, showcasing the successful collaboration of multiple disciplines [14]. Group 3: Textile Technology and Historical Insights - Research on a dyed textile fragment from the Blood Wei No. 1 Tomb established China as a major origin of the ancient weaving technique known as "扎经染色" (Zha Jing Dyeing) [15][16]. - The fragment was dated to no later than 750 AD, filling a gap in the historical evidence of this textile technology [15][16]. - The study identified the primary raw materials for the textile as originating from the southwestern regions of China, confirming its historical significance in trade networks [16]. Group 4: Agricultural Origins and Development - Research identified three key time nodes in the origin and early development of dryland agriculture in northern China, with evidence of settled communities dating back around 10,000 years [17][18]. - The findings support the hypothesis that the Hebei mountainous region may be a center for the origin of dryland agriculture, with significant agricultural practices emerging around 7,800 to 7,500 years ago [17][18]. - The study highlights the increasing reliance on millet and sorghum in the diet of early agricultural societies, reflecting the evolution of agricultural practices over time [18]. Group 5: Discovery of the Earliest Known Yangmei Tree - The earliest known Yangmei tree in China was identified at the Zhejiang Shiaowu site, dating back to around 2520 BC during the Liangzhu culture period [19][20]. - The research confirmed that Yangmei was part of the diet of early inhabitants, indicating its long-standing significance in Chinese agriculture [19][20]. - The findings contribute to understanding the diverse economic practices of early societies in the Yangtze River Delta region [21]. Group 6: Ancient Water Management Systems - Research on prehistoric water management in China revealed that early inhabitants constructed complex water systems for irrigation and flood control around 5,000 years ago [22][23]. - The study utilized advanced technologies such as satellite remote sensing and 3D reconstruction to analyze ancient water management practices [22][23]. - The findings provide insights into how early societies adapted to climate variability and managed water resources effectively [23].