2025年国内、国际十大极端天气气候事件发布

Core Viewpoint - The China Meteorological Administration announced the top ten extreme weather and climate events of 2025, highlighting the ongoing impact of global warming and climate anomalies on various regions, including China [1]. Group 1: Domestic Extreme Weather Events - The record number of high-temperature days in 2025, particularly in Jiangnan and South China, referred to as the "autumn tiger" [1]. - The prolonged rainy season in North China set multiple historical records [1]. - Severe flooding occurred in multiple northern regions due to widespread heavy rainfall [1]. - The super typhoon "Hagupit" made three landfalls, bringing strong winds and rain [1]. - Continuous droughts affected South China, Henan, Shaanxi, and Huanghuai, with severe local disaster conditions [1]. - The "Meidum" storm caused significant disruptions during the double holiday period, prompting a red alert from the Central Meteorological Station [1]. - Nine cold waves swept across the country throughout the year, with early spring temperatures fluctuating dramatically [1]. - Record-breaking winds in April led to the largest sandstorm in nearly a decade [1]. - Continuous autumn rains delayed the autumn harvest and planting from Huaxi to Huanghuai [1]. - A record number of typhoons impacted Guangdong, with three consecutive storms in September causing abnormal wind and rain [1]. Group 2: International Extreme Weather Events - Texas, USA, experienced a once-in-a-century heavy rainfall event, resulting in severe flash floods [1]. - Europe faced a heatwave that led to widespread power outages and deadly wildfires [1]. - The global windstorm "Melissa" severely impacted the Caribbean region [1]. - Japan was hit by record snowfall, with local snow depths exceeding 4 meters [1]. - Frequent solar storms affected aviation and aerospace safety [1]. - Mexico experienced a "dual storm" that caused catastrophic flooding [1]. - Ongoing global warming was a focal point at the United Nations Climate Conference, which aimed to build global consensus [1]. - The "Sanyal" storm triggered deadly disasters, resulting in over a thousand casualties in Sumatra [1]. - Nigeria faced its most severe flooding in 60 years, causing extensive damage [1]. - Iran experienced its driest autumn in half a century, leading to a water supply crisis [1]. Group 3: Selection Criteria for Events - The selection of extreme weather events was based on four main principles: rarity of the events (e.g., record-breaking extremes, wide impact, long duration) [1]. - Diversity of disaster events was considered, including floods, heatwaves, droughts, cold weather, typhoons/hurricanes, sandstorms, and severe convective events [1]. - Regional representation was a factor, covering major climate areas domestically and six continents internationally [1]. - The comprehensive impact of events was evaluated, including compound disasters and events with high social attention [1].