3089件出土骨骼 揭开大溪6000多年前的生态档案

Core Viewpoint - The archaeological findings at the Daxi site in Wushan, Chongqing, reveal a rich ecological history dating back over 6,000 years, showcasing a diverse prehistoric animal community and the early human interaction with these species [3][16]. Group 1: Archaeological Discoveries - The Daxi site has yielded over 24,000 animal bones, with 3,089 identifiable specimens, indicating a vibrant ecosystem where species like rhinoceroses, pandas, and golden monkeys thrived [3][7]. - Notable discoveries include 53 rhinoceros bones, evidencing the presence of two species, and signs of human interaction such as burn marks and cut marks on bones, suggesting the processing of meat [7][8][9]. Group 2: Dietary Habits of Early Humans - The diet of the Daxi people was diverse, with deer meat being a staple, supported by the discovery of nearly 1,000 bones from six species of deer [7][12]. - Evidence of domesticated animals such as dogs and pigs indicates that the Daxi people were beginning to actively manage their environment, with 1,110 dog bones found, suggesting a deep integration into human life [12][13][14]. Group 3: Environmental and Climatic Changes - The findings at the Daxi site serve as a silent record of climate and environmental changes, with evidence showing a shift in animal populations around 4,000 years ago due to climate cooling and human agricultural expansion [16][17]. - Fish remains constituted 51% of the total bone findings, indicating advanced fishing techniques among the Daxi people, who were capable of catching large, mature fish [16]. Group 4: Cultural Significance - The presence of processed shells and other artifacts suggests that the Daxi people creatively utilized natural resources for tools and decoration, reflecting their cultural practices [16]. - The archaeological evidence collectively paints a picture of early humans as both part of and active participants in their natural environment, marking the beginning of domestication and environmental modification [17].