长期缺这种营养素，年轻人容易胖，老年人容易“傻”

Core Insights - Vitamin D is crucial for various health functions, including bone health, immune function, cardiovascular health, and mood regulation, yet many individuals are unaware of their deficiency [1] Group 1: Prevalence of Vitamin D Deficiency - The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in China is reported at 61.3%, while the rate of insufficiency is as high as 91.2% [1] Group 2: Health Impacts of Vitamin D Deficiency - Vitamin D deficiency can lead to impaired fat metabolism, resulting in increased fat accumulation and weight gain, particularly in individuals over 35 years old [1] - Deficiency affects cognitive functions, with studies indicating that vitamin D supplementation may reduce the risk of dementia by 40% [2] - It plays a role in cardiovascular health by regulating blood pressure and improving heart function, thereby lowering the risk of heart disease and stroke [3] - Low vitamin D levels during pregnancy can lead to complications such as preeclampsia, preterm birth, and low birth weight [4] - Children of mothers with vitamin D deficiency are at higher risk for asthma and obesity, with supplementation potentially reducing respiratory infections [5] - Higher blood levels of vitamin D are associated with a lower risk of diabetes due to its role in stimulating insulin production [6] Group 3: Populations at Risk for Vitamin D Deficiency - Individuals over 65 years old, infants, adolescents in rapid growth phases, pregnant and breastfeeding women, those with poor lifestyle habits, and individuals with unbalanced diets are identified as needing additional vitamin D [7][8][9][10][11][12][13] Group 4: Recommendations for Vitamin D Intake - To address vitamin D deficiency, individuals are advised to sunbathe for 15-30 minutes several times a week, consume vitamin D-rich foods, and consider supplements, especially for at-risk groups [14][16]