日本为何重振造船业

Group 1 - The Japanese government has approved a comprehensive economic strategy worth 21.3 trillion yen, designating shipbuilding as a key investment area to revitalize the industry by 2035 with a goal to double shipbuilding capacity [1][2] - Japan's shipbuilding industry has significantly declined, with its market share dropping from over 50% in the 1990s to approximately 13% in 2024, largely due to intense international competition and domestic labor shortages [2][3] - The "Shipbuilding Industry Revitalization Roadmap" aims for a joint investment of 1 trillion yen to increase domestic shipbuilding from 9.07 million gross tons in 2024 to 18 million gross tons by 2035, structured in three phases focusing on automation, facility upgrades, and production ramp-up [3][4] Group 2 - The roadmap emphasizes the restructuring of the shipbuilding industry, requiring the formation of 1 to 3 shipbuilding groups by 2028 to enhance competitiveness and supply chain resilience [4][5] - A significant investment of 350 billion yen has been pledged by a consortium of 17 Japanese companies to enhance shipbuilding capabilities, alongside increased government funding for maritime sectors [5] - The focus on technological innovation includes developing new energy vessels to meet international greenhouse gas reduction targets, positioning Japan to leverage its strengths in ammonia and hydrogen fuel technologies [5][6] Group 3 - The labor shortage due to Japan's aging population poses a significant challenge for the shipbuilding industry, with a projected shortfall of 790,000 IT professionals by 2030, necessitating both domestic talent development and foreign labor recruitment [7] - The "doubling strategy" is seen as a national policy aimed at revitalizing the shipbuilding sector, enhancing supply chain security, and addressing industrial hollowing-out issues [8][9] - The Japan-U.S. alliance is being deepened in the shipbuilding sector, with a memorandum signed to enhance cooperation and address global shipbuilding dynamics, including joint talent development and technological innovation [9][10]