中国首发高温超导发展路线图

Core Viewpoint - The report by the Chinese Academy of Sciences presents a strategic roadmap for the development of REBCO high-temperature superconducting materials, identifying ten key scientific and technological challenges that hinder large-scale application [1][2]. Group 1: Overview of REBCO High-Temperature Superconductors - REBCO (Rare Earth Barium Copper Oxide) high-temperature superconductors operate at temperatures above liquid nitrogen levels (approximately -196 degrees Celsius), significantly reducing cooling costs compared to traditional superconductors that require liquid helium temperatures (around -269 degrees Celsius) [1]. - Since its commercialization in 2006, REBCO materials have shown potential in various critical fields, particularly in power systems and magnet systems [1][2]. Group 2: Applications in Power Systems - In power systems, REBCO materials can be utilized in superconducting cables and fault current limiters, enabling efficient, low-loss power transmission suitable for urban grid upgrades [1]. - Fault current limiters can quickly limit current during short circuits, enhancing grid safety [1]. Group 3: Applications in Magnet Systems - REBCO materials maintain high current-carrying capacity in strong magnetic fields, making them suitable for advanced applications such as nuclear fusion devices, high-field magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and superconducting motors [2]. - The materials require high strength and stability, necessitating systematic optimization of their multi-layer composite structure [2]. Group 4: Future Development and Challenges - The report emphasizes the need for systematic optimization of the superconducting layer, buffer layer, and substrate to achieve low-cost, stable mass production [2]. - There is significant room for performance improvement in REBCO materials, with specific challenges identified to transition from "usable" to "highly usable" [3]. - The ten scientific challenges outlined in the report connect material research to engineering applications, aiming to bridge the gap between fundamental research and practical use [3].