【环时深度】深度依存的加美关系裂痕渐显

Core Viewpoint - The relationship between Canada and the United States has evolved from historical conflicts to a deep economic and defense integration, but it is characterized by significant asymmetry, with Canada heavily reliant on the U.S. for economic and security matters [1][9]. Historical Context - Canada and the U.S. were not always allies; historical conflicts include the American Revolutionary War and the War of 1812, where the U.S. attempted to annex Canadian territories [2][3]. - The establishment of the Canadian Confederation in 1867 was a response to U.S. expansionist threats, leading to a long period without large-scale conflicts between the two nations [3]. Defense Cooperation - The modern military cooperation between Canada and the U.S. began in 1940, leading to the establishment of NORAD in 1958, which is crucial for North American defense [3][4]. - There are hundreds of security arrangements between the two countries, including military cooperation committees and frameworks for joint operations [4]. Economic Integration - Canada has developed an export-oriented economy heavily reliant on the U.S. market, with approximately 80% of its exports going to the U.S. and 75% of its imports coming from there [7]. - Trade agreements such as the 1988 Canada-U.S. Free Trade Agreement and the 1993 NAFTA have significantly increased trade volumes, with trade between the two countries exceeding $950 billion annually [6][7]. Asymmetry in Relations - The economic dependency is heavily skewed; trade accounts for about 3% of U.S. GDP but 33% of Canada's GDP, indicating a much higher reliance on the U.S. by Canada [9]. - Concerns have been raised about Canada's political independence due to this economic dependency, with historical fears of becoming a "colony" of the U.S. resurfacing in contemporary discussions [9][10]. Sovereignty and Security Concerns - The deep integration has led to concerns about Canada's sovereignty, particularly in defense matters, as reliance on U.S. military systems may compromise its independent decision-making [10]. - The perception of Canada as a subordinate entity in the U.S.-Canada relationship has been highlighted, with implications for Canada's political discourse and autonomy [11].