林伯强：发展中国碳交易市场有益于应对欧盟碳边境调节机制

Core Viewpoint - The European Union's Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) has transitioned from the design phase to strict implementation, with significant implications for global trade and carbon emissions regulations [1][2]. Group 1: CBAM Implementation Details - The CBAM has tightened its regulations in three significant ways: the default value mechanism will now serve as a punitive threshold, requiring verified emissions data from companies starting in 2026 [2] - The CBAM's collection intensity will align with the reduction of free emission allowances within the EU, starting with a 2.5% collection rate in 2026 and aiming for 100% by 2034 [2] - After the transition period, companies will no longer be able to self-report emissions data; all compliance data must be verified by EU-recognized third parties [2] Group 2: Impact on Chinese Industries - China, as a major manufacturing and trading nation, faces dual pressures from the CBAM: increased export costs for carbon-intensive products like steel and aluminum, and heightened demands for green transformation [3] - The CBAM recognizes carbon costs already paid by imported products, allowing exporting countries to offset domestic carbon costs through carbon taxes or inclusion in carbon markets [3] Group 3: Challenges for China's Carbon Market - The clarity of the carbon market construction path is insufficient, leading to weakened confidence among market participants; currently, only the power sector is included, with other high-emission industries lacking clear timelines for inclusion [4] - Significant differences in emission reduction costs and potential among industries could lead to unfair allocation of allowances and volatile carbon prices, particularly if high-emission sectors are included prematurely [5] - The uncertainty surrounding international carbon border adjustment policies complicates the external environment for China's carbon market [5][6] Group 4: Recommendations for China's Carbon Market - To effectively respond to the CBAM, China should expand the carbon market's coverage and enhance policy transparency, including the inclusion of high-carbon industries like steel and cement [7] - A proactive approach to the global trend of carbon tariffs is necessary, including establishing a tracking and assessment mechanism for major economies' carbon tariff policies [8] - China should actively participate in shaping international carbon market rules and pricing frameworks to ensure fair treatment of its industries [9] - The carbon market's revenue distribution mechanism should be designed to support low-carbon transitions in high-emission industries, directing auction revenues towards technology upgrades and clean energy initiatives [10]