国际最新研究：全球近40%新增癌症病例或与可改变风险因素相关

Core Insights - A recent study published in the journal Nature Medicine indicates that nearly 40% of new cancer cases globally in 2022 may be linked to modifiable risk factors [1][2] - The research, conducted by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) and the World Health Organization (WHO), emphasizes the importance of reducing tobacco use, certain infections, and alcohol consumption as key preventive measures against cancer [1][2] Summary by Categories Global Cancer Burden - Cancer remains a leading cause of disease and death worldwide, with varying burdens across different regions due to exposure to modifiable risk factors [1] - The study estimated the cancer burden attributable to 30 modifiable risk factors, using data from 185 countries and 36 cancer types in 2022 [1] Key Findings - Out of 18.7 million new cancer cases globally in 2022, approximately 7.1 million cases (37.8%) were attributable to modifiable risk factors, with smoking (15.1%), infections (10.2%), and alcohol consumption (3.2%) being the primary contributors [2] - Lung cancer, stomach cancer, and cervical cancer accounted for nearly half of these preventable cases [2] Regional Variations - For women globally, infections such as human papillomavirus (HPV) and Helicobacter pylori were the largest cancer risk factors, associated with 11.5% of cases; for men, smoking was the largest risk factor, linked to 23.1% of cases [2] - Significant regional differences were noted, with sub-Saharan African women having the highest proportion (38.2%) of cancer burden related to modifiable risk factors, while North African and West Asian women had the lowest (24.6%) [2] - East Asian men showed a high correlation of 57.2% of cancer cases with modifiable risk factors, compared to 28.1% in men from Latin America and the Caribbean [2] Implications for Cancer Prevention - The findings highlight potential opportunities for cancer prevention, including smoking cessation, infection prevention, and tailored prevention strategies for different countries [2] - The study calls for improved monitoring systems and more detailed data, especially in low- and middle-income countries, to enhance the accuracy of future estimates and inform policy-making [2]