林上增绿林下生金 激活森林“四库”——专访中国林业科学研究院研究员、国务院特殊津贴专家陈幸良

Core Viewpoint - The "under-forest economy" is being elevated to a national strategic level in China, aiming to transform ecological resources into economic benefits, aligning with the concept that "green mountains and clear waters are as valuable as mountains of gold and silver" [1][2]. Group 1: National Strategy and Economic Impact - The under-forest economy has been included in the government's work report and the 14th Five-Year Plan, highlighting its importance for national ecological security, rural revitalization, and common prosperity [1][2]. - The FAO's 2024 report indicates that nearly 6 billion people rely on non-timber forest products for their livelihoods, with 70% of the impoverished population directly depending on forest resources [2]. - The under-forest economy aims to efficiently convert the ecological value of "green mountains and clear waters" into economic wealth, addressing both international concepts and China's unique conditions [2][4]. Group 2: Ecological and Economic Synergy - The under-forest economy successfully integrates ecological protection with economic development, utilizing forest space without deforestation or land occupation [5][6]. - This model enhances forest management efficiency and sustainability, contributing to carbon sequestration and biodiversity [6][7]. - The economic advantages include high land utilization rates and the emergence of new industries, particularly in non-timber forest products, which have significant market potential [7][9]. Group 3: Employment and Rural Development - The under-forest economy is expected to create numerous job opportunities and support small farmers, providing a pathway for rural income generation [9][10]. - In Guangxi, the under-forest economy's annual output value is projected to reach 138.8 billion yuan by 2024, benefiting over 12 million farmers with an average annual income increase of over 4,000 yuan [10]. - However, challenges such as higher initial investments and the need for new skills in ecological management and processing remain [10][11]. Group 4: Technological and Policy Support - To overcome barriers, collaboration among government, research institutions, and social capital is essential, including establishing dedicated funding and technical support for the under-forest economy [11][12]. - Various operational models have emerged, including under-forest planting, breeding, and eco-tourism, but balancing ecological protection with economic returns is crucial [12][13]. - Emphasizing ecological protection as a priority, policies should ensure sustainable practices while allowing for economic development [13][14]. Group 5: Future Directions and Innovations - The under-forest economy is expanding into new areas such as carbon trading and functional forest food development, indicating significant growth potential [15][16]. - The establishment of a dedicated research office for the under-forest economy aims to focus on resource conservation, efficient management, and advanced processing technologies [16]. - Overall, the under-forest economy represents a pathway for ecological industrialization and rural integration, enhancing the well-being of the population through innovative practices [16].