全球可再生能源就业达1660万！增速骤降至 2%-3%，光伏仍是 “最大雇主”

Core Insights - The report by IRENA and ILO indicates that while global renewable energy employment is projected to exceed 16 million in 2024, the growth rate has significantly slowed to 2%-3%, a stark contrast to previous years' double-digit growth rates [1][2][3] Employment Growth Trends - Global renewable energy employment is expected to reach 16.6 million in 2024, continuing to support the green economy and job stability [2] - The employment growth rate for 2024 is estimated at 2.3%-2.5%, marking one of the lowest levels in recent years, and is attributed to profound changes in industry development stages and structures [2][3] Sector Contributions - Solar photovoltaic (PV) remains the dominant sector, providing over 7.2 million jobs in 2024, accounting for more than 40% of total renewable energy employment [2] - The report highlights that the growth in employment is not due to reduced market demand but reflects changes in the industry structure and technological advancements [2][3] Regional Insights - China is identified as a key contributor to global renewable energy employment, with over 4.2 million jobs in solar PV, representing nearly 60% of global solar employment [4] - In 2024, China's renewable energy employment slightly decreased, primarily due to increased labor productivity and the effects of economies of scale [4] - China accounted for over 80% of new renewable energy capacity in Asia, significantly supporting global growth, while employment in the EU, Brazil, India, and the US showed limited growth [4] Challenges and Constraints - The slowdown in employment growth is influenced by factors such as increased automation, which reduces the need for human labor in manufacturing and operations [3][6] - Delays in grid infrastructure and lengthy project approval processes also hinder job creation in certain regions [3][6] Policy Recommendations - The report emphasizes the need for enhanced policy coordination and international cooperation to address employment challenges in the renewable energy sector [7] - It suggests that countries should align trade, industry, and labor policies to create a balanced development environment, focusing on investment in grid infrastructure and skill training [7]