新春走基层丨4D打印实验室里的“变形金刚”是怎样炼成的？

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the advancements in 4D printing technology, particularly focusing on the development of a new type of "rheological robot" by the Rheobot team at Beijing Jiaotong University, which can autonomously change shape using magnetic control materials [1][2][4]. Group 1: 4D Printing Technology - 4D printing is an evolution of 3D printing that incorporates time as a dimension, allowing for materials to change shape and function dynamically based on environmental stimuli [3][4]. - The Rheobot team has developed the world's first rheological robot, which utilizes a new magnetic control material that can respond dynamically to magnetic fields, enabling it to perform tasks in extreme environments [2][3]. - The technology allows for precise control over the deformation of objects, enabling applications such as a flower that opens when it encounters moisture [3][4]. Group 2: Applications and Innovations - The 4D printing technology is expected to be applied in emerging industries such as low-altitude economy, with potential uses in aircraft components that can adapt their shape to improve aerodynamics and reduce fuel consumption [4][6]. - The development of new materials through 4D printing could lead to significant advancements in the strength and functionality of plastic, allowing for lighter and safer humanoid robots [6][7]. - The first desktop 4D printer, Mag 4D Printer, is set to be launched in 2024, aiming to bring this advanced technology into practical use and enhance public engagement with science [9][11]. Group 3: Research and Development - The Rheobot team is focused on simplifying the complex processes involved in 4D printing by integrating magnetic charging and programming into a single workflow, which has been recognized internationally [7][9]. - The team emphasizes the importance of translating research into practical applications that can improve everyday life, with plans to showcase their technology in science museums for educational purposes [9][11]. - The ongoing research aims to refine the technology further, with aspirations for widespread adoption similar to that of 3D printers, allowing individuals to create their own 4D printed structures [12].