JAMA：咖啡和茶，有益认知！长达43年随访发现，喝咖啡或茶分别与痴呆风险降低18%或14%有关

Core Insights - A recent study published in JAMA by researchers from Harvard University analyzed data from two large cohorts, totaling over 130,000 participants over 43 years, to investigate the relationship between coffee/caffeine intake and cognitive health [1][8]. Summary by Categories Study Design and Population - The study utilized data from the Nurses' Health Study (NHS) and the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (HPFS), with a median baseline age of 46.2 years for NHS and 53.8 years for HPFS [2][11]. - Participants were assessed for coffee, tea, and caffeine intake through questionnaires, categorized into quartiles [11]. Key Findings on Dementia Risk - Higher coffee/caffeine intake was significantly associated with lower dementia risk; the highest quartile of intake showed an 18% reduction in dementia risk compared to the lowest quartile [8]. - In the NHS cohort, higher caffeine intake correlated with better objective cognitive performance [8]. Subjective Cognitive Decline - Coffee and tea consumption demonstrated protective effects against subjective cognitive decline, with the highest intake group showing a 15% lower risk of cognitive decline compared to the lowest group [4][13]. - The rates of subjective cognitive decline were 9.5%, 9.8%, 8.7%, and 7.8% across increasing coffee intake groups, with the highest group having a risk ratio of 0.85 compared to the lowest [4][13]. Caffeine Sources and Recommendations - Caffeine is not exclusive to coffee; it is also present in various functional beverages and tea. The most significant correlation with cognitive health was observed with an intake of 2-3 cups of coffee or 1-2 cups of tea daily [8]. - The study indicated that the relationship between caffeine intake and dementia risk is not linear, with the lowest risk occurring at 2-3 cups of coffee or 300 mg of caffeine daily [14]. Additional Observations - Decaffeinated coffee was associated with an increased risk of subjective cognitive decline, with the highest intake group showing a risk ratio of 1.16 compared to the lowest [14]. - Participants with higher caffeine intake scored 0.11 points higher on the Mini-Mental State Examination (TICS), which corresponds to approximately 0.6 years of cognitive decline [14].