国家统计局城市司负责人就CPI等价格指数基期轮换有关情况接受中国信息报专访

Core Viewpoint - The National Bureau of Statistics released the Consumer Price Index (CPI) and Producer Price Index (PPI) data based on the 2025 benchmark, marking the first data release after the benchmark rotation [1] Group 1: Purpose of Benchmark Rotation - Benchmark rotation is a fundamental task in compiling price indices, aligning with international practices to adapt to changes in the structure of goods and services transactions in production, circulation, and consumption [2] - The CPI reflects the price level changes of goods and services consumed by residents over a certain period, requiring timely adjustments to the "fixed basket" of goods to accurately represent market price changes [2] Group 2: Changes in CPI Survey - The CPI benchmark rotation involves revising the survey classification directory, survey points, representative specifications, classification weights, and price comparison benchmarks [3] - The current CPI survey classification directory has been adjusted based on comprehensive market research, adding new categories such as housing security equipment, elderly products, and internet medical services, while maintaining 8 major categories and 268 basic classifications [3][4] Group 3: Survey Points and Data Collection - Approximately 120,000 survey points and about 620,000 representative specifications were selected for the current benchmark, expanding the coverage compared to the previous benchmark [4] - New retail formats and data collection methods, including online transaction prices and big data applications, have been incorporated to better reflect new consumption patterns [4] Group 4: CPI Weight Calculation - CPI weights are determined based on household expenditure surveys and other macro data, ensuring they accurately reflect the consumption structure [5] - The weights for the eight major categories in the 2025 benchmark are as follows: Food, Alcohol, and Dining Out (29.5%), Clothing (5.4%), Housing (22.1%), Household Goods and Services (5.5%), Transportation and Communication (14.3%), Education, Culture, and Entertainment (11.4%), Medical Care (8.9%), and Other Goods and Services (2.9%) [6][7] Group 5: Impact of Benchmark Rotation - The benchmark rotation will influence the CPI and PPI indices due to changes in survey classifications, survey points, and weights, with an estimated average impact of approximately 0.06 and 0.08 percentage points on the monthly year-on-year indices for CPI and PPI, respectively [9]