为什么开展价格指数基期轮换？涉及哪些内容？国家统计局权威解读

Core Viewpoint - The National Bureau of Statistics of China released the Consumer Price Index (CPI) and Producer Price Index (PPI) data based on the 2025 benchmark, marking the first data release after the benchmark rotation [1] Group 1: Purpose of Benchmark Rotation - Benchmark rotation is a fundamental task in compiling price indices, aimed at adapting to changes in the structure of goods and services in production, circulation, and consumption [2] - The CPI reflects the price level changes of goods and services consumed by residents over a certain period, necessitating adjustments to the "fixed basket" of goods to accurately represent current consumption patterns [2] Group 2: Changes in CPI Survey - The CPI benchmark rotation involves revising the survey classification directory, survey points, representative specifications, classification weights, and price comparison benchmarks [3] - The current CPI survey includes 8 major categories and 268 basic classifications, with new categories added to reflect emerging consumption trends, such as electric vehicle charging and internet medical services [3][4] Group 3: Survey Coverage and Data Collection - Approximately 120,000 survey points and around 620,000 representative specifications were included in the current CPI survey, expanding the coverage compared to the previous benchmark [4] - New retail formats and products, such as membership supermarkets and smart drones, were incorporated into the survey, and data collection methods were optimized to include big data applications [4] Group 4: CPI Weight Calculation - CPI weights are determined based on household expenditure surveys and other macro data, ensuring they accurately reflect the consumption structure [5] - The weights for the 2025 benchmark are as follows: Food, Alcohol, and Dining Out (29.5%), Clothing (5.4%), Housing (22.1%), and others, with some categories showing slight increases or decreases compared to the previous benchmark [5][7] Group 5: Impact of Benchmark Rotation - The benchmark rotation will affect the CPI and PPI indices, with an average impact of approximately 0.06 and 0.08 percentage points on the monthly year-on-year indices, respectively [9]