中国主流媒体系统性变革的演进轨迹、理论建构与实践互动

Core Viewpoint - The mainstream media in China is undergoing a systematic transformation driven by the challenges posed by the internet and new technologies, leading to user loss, revenue decline, and a decrease in trust. The government is promoting this transformation strategically, moving from partial explorations to a comprehensive ecological integration approach [1][2]. Group 1: Historical Trajectory of Media Integration - The transformation of mainstream media has evolved from a passive response to the internet to a user-centered, technology-driven, and ecologically focused deep restructuring phase [2]. - The initial phase of media integration was characterized by a "small integration" approach, where the internet was seen merely as a tool for extending existing business [6][7]. - The "medium integration" phase involved a deeper understanding of integration, where media began to reconstruct internal operations and management processes [8][9]. Group 2: Driving Forces and Challenges - The crisis of traditional media was triggered by the rise of the internet, which diluted the advantages of administrative resources and led to a significant decline in audience size and advertising revenue [3][4]. - The number of published newspapers in China dropped from 48.23 billion copies in 2012 to 24.99 billion copies in 2024, indicating a drastic decline in traditional media consumption [4]. - The advertising revenue for traditional broadcasting and television fell from 109.92 billion yuan in 2018 to 58.37 billion yuan in 2023, highlighting the financial challenges faced by mainstream media [5]. Group 3: Systematic Transformation and Theoretical Framework - The systematic transformation of mainstream media is not just a technical upgrade but involves a comprehensive reshaping of development concepts, organizational logic, and institutional arrangements [10]. - The "big integration" theory emphasizes the need for media organizations to transcend traditional boundaries and engage in cross-sector integration to create a new hub that serves the digital economy [12][14]. - The "big integration" approach aims to leverage institutional advantages and actively participate in the modernization of governance systems, focusing on building autonomous and controllable internet platforms [14]. Group 4: Progress and Innovations in Media Transformation - A modernized communication system has begun to take shape, characterized by a technology-driven, matrix-linked, and innovative discourse system [26]. - The establishment of a comprehensive media matrix that integrates various forms of media has been achieved, enhancing the effectiveness of communication [27]. - The "news+" model has emerged as a fundamental approach for mainstream media, integrating news dissemination with public services and business resources [38]. Group 5: Existing Challenges in Systematic Transformation - Despite progress, mainstream media still faces challenges in creating autonomous and controllable platform ecosystems, with user engagement and self-sustaining revenue models needing improvement [44]. - Structural issues persist, affecting resource allocation efficiency and overall competitiveness within the media system [46].