关于负电价 这些错误认知要澄清！

Core Viewpoint - The recent notice from Southern Power Grid in Guangdong regarding distributed photovoltaic power generation during the Spring Festival highlights the risk of negative electricity prices due to a significant drop in electricity demand while supply remains high, indicating a need for system regulation [2][5]. Group 1: Negative Electricity Prices - Negative electricity prices are becoming a common issue in the context of China's energy transition and market reforms, reflecting challenges in absorbing large-scale renewable energy [5][18]. - The occurrence of negative prices is not a sign of market failure but rather a necessary outcome of the efficient price mechanism in the electricity market [5][18]. - Negative prices have been observed in various industries, indicating that they are not unique to the electricity sector and are a result of short-term supply-demand imbalances [7][8]. Group 2: Impact on Power Generation Companies - Concerns that negative prices will lead to widespread losses for power generation companies are unfounded, as a multi-faceted revenue system has been established to mitigate these impacts [10][11]. - The long-term contracts in the electricity market allow companies to secure most of their revenue, thus providing stability against fluctuations caused by negative prices [11]. - The growth of green certificate trading has become a significant revenue source for distributed photovoltaic projects, helping to offset the effects of negative prices [11]. Group 3: Future of Negative Prices - Negative prices are expected to become a regular feature of the electricity market rather than a temporary phenomenon, driven by the increasing share of renewable energy generation [13][18]. - The ongoing expansion of renewable energy capacity and improvements in market mechanisms will likely lead to more frequent occurrences of negative prices as a tool for balancing supply and demand [13][18]. Group 4: Benefits to Users - Negative prices can provide economic benefits to users, particularly commercial users, by linking retail electricity prices to real-time market prices, allowing them to share in the cost savings [15][16]. - The mechanism of negative pricing helps internalize external costs associated with excess electricity, encouraging efficient resource utilization and minimizing social costs [16][18].