心理困境不是“病了”，而是“被卡住了”

Core Perspective - Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) presents a revolutionary viewpoint that individuals are not "ill" but rather "stuck," emphasizing a new understanding of human psychology and the roots of distress [1][11]. Human Psychological Needs - Human mental health relies on the fulfillment of core needs such as deep social connections, meaningful activities, and experiences of autonomy and competence, which are essential for psychological balance [1][2]. - When these core needs are unmet, individuals may fall into ineffective behavioral patterns, leading to psychological distress [1][2]. Insights from Addiction Research - A classic experiment with rats demonstrated that those in socially isolated environments resorted to substance abuse, while those in enriched environments did not, highlighting the importance of social connection for mental health [2]. - Social isolation can cause significant psychological harm, as evidenced by the severe consequences of solitary confinement [2]. Relationship Framework - The disconnection from core needs is not a disease but a misalignment between the individual and their environment, akin to gears being stuck in the wrong position [3][4]. - ACT's terminology shift from "illness" to "stuck" reflects a fundamental change in treatment philosophy, focusing on the interaction between individuals and their environments [3][4]. Psychological Flexibility - ACT emphasizes the importance of psychological flexibility, which allows individuals to adjust their thoughts and behaviors in response to various stimuli while maintaining their values [6][8]. - The goal of ACT is not to eliminate negative thoughts or emotions but to help individuals change their relationship with these experiences and their interaction with the environment [6][8]. Six Core Processes of ACT - ACT identifies six core processes to cultivate psychological flexibility: acceptance, cognitive defusion, present-moment awareness, self-as-context, values clarification, and committed action [7][8]. - These processes work together to help individuals break free from rigid psychological patterns and move out of a "stuck" state [7][8]. Humanistic Approach - ACT embodies a humanistic approach, rejecting the dichotomy of "us versus them," and positions therapists as fellow travelers rather than distant experts [9][10]. - Therapists respect the values and choices of clients, understanding that meaningful change must stem from the individual's own value judgments [9][10]. Real-Life Applications - Many individuals unconsciously view their psychological struggles through a "sick" lens, leading to avoidance and self-criticism [10][11]. - By reframing these struggles as being "stuck," individuals can focus on adjusting their relationships and breaking rigid patterns, which is the core insight of ACT [11][12].