气候修正案锁定减排目标 欧盟能源自主寻求破局

Group 1: Core Points - The European Parliament has passed an amendment to the European Climate Law, legally establishing a target to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 90% by 2040 compared to 1990 levels, which is crucial for achieving the EU's 2030 and 2050 climate goals [1][7] - The EU's climate actions are deeply tied to energy autonomy, especially in light of the geopolitical impacts of the Russia-Ukraine conflict, which has disrupted the previous energy balance in Europe [2][3] Group 2: Energy Security and Climate Goals - The amendment to the European Climate Law provides a legal framework to reduce dependence on fossil fuels, particularly Russian gas, which has historically accounted for nearly one-third of the EU's fossil fuel imports [3][4] - The law aims to stabilize the transition to renewable energy by providing clear legal targets for the expansion of renewable energy sources, such as offshore wind power in the North Sea [3][4][7] Group 3: Regional Cooperation and Strategic Autonomy - The amendment facilitates regional cooperation among EU member states, allowing countries like Germany, Denmark, France, and the Netherlands to integrate resources and technologies, thereby enhancing overall energy resilience and strategic competitiveness [4][8] - The EU's energy strategy is evolving into a multi-dimensional approach that integrates energy supply, industrial transformation, and climate governance, with the Climate Law serving as a central link [8][9] Group 4: Risks of New Dependencies - As Europe seeks to reduce reliance on Russian energy, it risks becoming dependent on U.S. liquefied natural gas (LNG), which could account for 57%-61% of European imports by 2025, potentially rising to 75%-80% in the coming years [5][6] - The volatility of U.S. energy prices, influenced by domestic demand and geopolitical considerations, poses a risk to European energy security, as seen in the recent spike in natural gas prices due to increased heating demand in the U.S. [5][6] Group 5: Global Climate Governance - The EU's climate legislation offers valuable lessons for global climate governance, but it faces challenges such as internal disparities among member states and external pressures from global energy dynamics [9][10] - Collaboration with countries like China in green technology and renewable energy sectors is essential for overcoming current development challenges and leading the global green transition [10]