【环球财经】纽约联储：美国加征关税90%由美企业和消费者承担

Core Viewpoint - The research conducted by the New York Federal Reserve Bank indicates that approximately 90% of the additional costs from tariffs imposed by the U.S. government in 2025 will be borne by American consumers and businesses, contradicting the government's claim that "tariffs are paid by foreign exporters" [1][2]. Group 1: Tariff Impact on Consumers and Businesses - The average statutory tariff rate in the U.S. is projected to rise from 2.6% at the beginning of 2025 to 13% by the end of that year [1]. - From January to August 2025, U.S. importers and consumers will bear 94% of the new tariffs; this percentage decreases to 92% from September to October, and further to 86% in November [1]. - By the end of 2025, the average tariff rate of 13% will result in prices of affected imported goods being 11% higher than those of unaffected goods, indicating a significant economic burden on U.S. businesses and consumers [1]. Group 2: Supporting Research and Economic Implications - The findings are supported by a paper from Harvard University professor and former IMF First Deputy Managing Director Gopinath, which states that tariffs imposed by the U.S. government are almost entirely passed on to the prices of imported goods, with U.S. businesses and consumers absorbing most of the costs [1]. - The Mansfield Foundation's senior researcher, Bruce Klingner, notes that the 2025 tariffs equate to a tax of $1,000 per American household, highlighting the economic strain on families [2]. - Research from the Kiel Institute for the World Economy indicates that 96% of the tariffs are effectively a consumption tax on imported goods, leading to a significant reduction in the variety and quantity of goods available to consumers [2].