美最高法院裁定特朗普政府大规模加征关税违法

Core Viewpoint - The U.S. Supreme Court ruled that the Trump administration's imposition of large tariffs using the International Emergency Economic Powers Act was illegal, emphasizing that the Constitution grants Congress the power to levy taxes, including tariffs [1][2]. Group 1: Supreme Court Ruling - The Supreme Court's decision was made with a 6-3 vote, with Chief Justice Roberts stating that the Constitution clearly assigns the power to tax to Congress, not the executive branch [1]. - Justice Kavanaugh, in a dissenting opinion, acknowledged the legality of the tariff policy based on textual, historical, and precedential grounds, despite questioning its wisdom [1]. Group 2: Implications of the Ruling - The ruling specifically limits the President's ability to impose tariffs under the International Emergency Economic Powers Act but does not entirely strip the President of the power to levy tariffs [1]. - The majority opinion did not address whether companies that paid substantial tariffs would receive refunds from the government [1]. Group 3: Background on the Law - The International Emergency Economic Powers Act was enacted in 1977, allowing the President to manage economic affairs in response to foreign threats during a declared national emergency [1]. - Trump was the first president to invoke this law to impose tariffs, announcing a national emergency in April of the previous year and implementing a 10% minimum baseline tariff on all trading partners [1].