日本经济长期疲软，日元购买力跌至53年来最低

Group 1 - The Japanese yen's actual effective exchange rate index has reached a 53-year low, reflecting a significant decline in purchasing power, down approximately two-thirds from its peak in 1995 [1][2] - The Bank of Japan's interest rate hikes from -0.1% to 0.75% have not strengthened the yen, which remains one of the weakest currencies globally when adjusted for trade and inflation [1][2] - Japan's potential economic growth rate has dropped from around 1% in 1995 to near 0% by the end of the second decade of the 21st century, contributing to prolonged low inflation and interest rates [2] Group 2 - The Bank of Japan is attempting to normalize monetary policy amid rising prices and wages, with plans to further increase the policy rate, which could impact households and businesses negatively [2] - A potential 0.25 percentage point increase in the policy rate could add approximately 18,000 yen to annual repayment burdens for households, while corporate profits (excluding financial and insurance sectors) could decline by an average of 0.9% [2] - Despite the yen's depreciation being expected to boost domestic investment and export competitiveness, actual corporate investment remains sluggish due to low perceived returns on domestic investments [3]